Immigration to the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Immigration to the United States - Essay Example There have been numerous arguments and ideas put forth, both, by the supporters and critics of immigration to the United States. One of the arguments put forth by those who feel that there need to be restrictions placed on immigrations, is that immigrations dilute the superior composition of the society. They feel that the infusion of heterogeneous groups dilutes the superiority of their countrymen. Earlier, the Americans did not face any problem, doing jobs that were not really meant for the higher strata of the society. However, with the natives of other countries coming in, these jobs have been allocated to them. The Americans, now, have grown increasingly partial in accepting these jobs. This, has, therefore, led to the classification of work. In addition to this, they feel that the immigrants were assets earlier on; and have now transformed into liabilities. It is commonly felt that the immigrant work force is now large and has pushed the Americans out of the work force employed. They also feel that the immigrants are a menace to American ideals. On the other hand, there are th

Expatriate Salespeople Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Expatriate Salespeople - Assignment Example es, there may be legal challenges that determine whether or not expatriate salespeople can be used or if the market is unable to support a full-time salesperson. The times that there might be situations in which expatriate sales managers are supervisors of the foreign salespeople. However, there are some issues that should be addressed. Some of these include the inability to be able to communicate between the foreign sales team and the expatriate sales manager. Another issue that is often faced is when the expatriate is unable to adapt to the foreign environment in which they are required to work. Many times there may also be legal barriers that can be significant problems. Many of the skills that an expatriate salesperson is required to do is to be nonjudgmental, be able to react professionally if there is frustration in a situation, and must be empathetic of other people’s needs based on their own standpoint rather than the salesperson’s own standpoint. A person must also have an interest in the culture and the people and be respectful. The family may include an interview with the candidate’s family to ensure that the person is right for the job because the family is typically the people who know the person the best and their ability to adapt and work in new areas. The candidate’s family is critiqued to see if there is a problem if the expatriate salesperson will be gone to a foreign country for a significant amount of time. Expatriates returning to the United States are often dissatisfied because of a growing number of attrition of those who return. There is a much lower morale. Many times those coming from the U.S. find that there are several family related problems that have strained their ability to work things out by being away for so long. They are often dissatisfied because of the compensation levels and

Use of Force Essay Example for Free

Use of Force Essay â€Å"The Use of Force† by William Carlos Williams, the use of authorial purpose is utilized by the author. The narrator is a doctor who is making a house call to help a very sick young girl. The author tries to justify the use of force in this situation through authorial purpose. The author uses expressive, informative, and persuasive writing techniques in order to address and give a good reason for exerting force over others. He builds a rapport in this story through the members of the sick girl’s family and the doctor himself. He shows many ways that the family and doctor can relate to each other through mutual attention, mutual positivity, and coordination. The thesis that the author is trying to propose is that in some situations, using force is ethical and should not be shameful when trying to help another person. The author uses different writing techniques including authorial purpose to influence the audience that the use of force was necessary and ethical. I will be explaining the authorial purpose used in this story. I will be discussing expressive, informative, and persuasive authoritative purposes as they all apply to the doctor visiting the young child at home. To better understand the authorial purposes used, I will explain what expressive, informative, and persuasive writing techniques are more in detail and I will provide examples throughout the story that show the author William Carlos Williams uses all three writing techniques to express his purpose and intention of this story. Although this short story may show how using force can be devastating to the child in need of medical attention, it is a necessary action to provide the child with the proper medical care. Body Expressive – presenting feelings It is important to understand that expressive writing is author-centered. This means that the author will be presenting personal feelings in order to show their intent. The author will try to make meaning of an experience to express their intent in a more meaningful manner to the audience. These experiences usually include reflecting on past events, or speaking about their successes and failures in order to give the audience a sense of feeling toward the author. Informative – sharing information Informative writing is always subject-centered. The author has the need to communicate information clearly so that the audience can understand the content. This is a very important consideration when writing informative stories. Nonfiction writing is usually always informative writing. In nonfiction stories, facts and opinions are revealed about people, places, things, and events. In â€Å"The Use of Force,† the author explains the subject matter clearly to the reader by explaining that a doctor goes on a house call to visit a very sick young girl and to try and help her get better. The era in which this happened can be picked up through context clues in the story. Usually in informative writing, the information is just shared and presented to the audience. Ultimately, the conclusions and results are left to the audience to determine. Therefore, an informative writing technique is just a description and explanation of some particular information in the story – usually about the subject. The writer is constrained to explain the knowledge related to only a single topic in informative stories. Persuasive – changing the audience’s mind Persuasive writing involves taking a position on a debatable issue to convince an audience one way or the other about that controversial issue. In persuasive writing the writer presents his or her opinion and tries to convince the reader to agree. Persuasive writing is also known as presenting an argument because the writer uses words to convince the audience that their opinion in which they are writing about is correct. Persuasive writing, especially in short stories, is very commonly used. Persuasive writers employ many techniques to improve their argument and show support for their claim. Students understand that persuasive writing is audience-centered; the needs of the intended audience are the most important consideration. Conclusion – I am proposing that the use of force, even if it causes pain, is ethical and sometimes necessary in order to help someone for their own good.

Relationships Between Vision Mission And Objectives Commerce Essay

Relationships Between Vision Mission And Objectives Commerce Essay From the vision and mission of Shangri-La Hotel, we know that Robert Kuok was concerned about the customers. He would like to delight each customer for every time the customer visit the Shangri-La Hotel. From the mission statement, Shangri-La Hotel is trying to make the entire customer feel happy and satisfy. However, Robert Kuok also knows that besides the customer, employees, shareholder or business partner also important. This point we can see from the vision statement where Robert Kuok is mention it. He also cares about the employees because he hopes that all the employees can show the perfect work performance. Since the Shangri-La provided a service to customer and without a good work performance, the customers were not satisfied. This reason might cause a bad image. As a result, there will be less and less customers come to Shangri-La Hotel. Without good employees, an organization is hard to have any improvement or changes. Therefore, Robert Kuok was concerned this problem and would like to avoid it happen. As a result, Shangri-La hotel is provide the best service to the customers and the employees were provide the best work performance all the time moreover Shangri-La Hotel could achieve their objective easily. When Shangri-La Hotel is maintain the vision this can help them to achieve their mission. This is because good employees can ensure that the way to delight each customers for every time they visit. Vision is more like a tool to ensure that the mission and objective is being achieved. There are relationship between vision, mission and objective. Task 2 (Loc 1: Ac 2) Considering the benefits to stakeholders is an integral part of the companys existence. Briefly explain the importance of stakeholder analysis to (SKL). 2.0 Definition of stakeholder Stakeholder can be defined as person, group or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be an affected by the organizations actions, objectives and policies. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholder), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources. Although stake-holding is usually self-legitimizing, all stakeholders are not equal and different stakeholders are entitled to different considerations. Stakeholder can defined as a party with an interest in an organisation, e.g. employees, customers, suppliers or the local community. This is due to the effect that the organisations activities will have on them, although they are a third party in that they are outside of the organisation. It can also be used to describe people who will be affected by a project, or who can influence it, but who are not directly involved in doing the work. Stakeholders are an integral part of a project. They are the end-users or clients, the people from whom requirements will be drawn, the people who will influence the design and, ultimately, the people who will reap the benefits of your completed project. It is extremely important to involve stakeholders in all phases of your project for two reasons: Firstly, experience shows that their involvement in the project significantly increases your chances of success by building in a self-correcting feedback loop; secondly, involving them in your project builds confidence in your product and will greatly ease its acceptance in your target audience. There are different types of stakeholders and each type should be handled differently. 2.1 Definition of stakeholder analysis The definition of stakeholder analysis is means managerial step taken to identify each stakeholders level of interest or involvement in a given project and how that involvement can influence the project. Based on this analysis, project managers may alter how a project will be executed or decide the necessary steps that must be taken in order to limit a stakeholders influence over the project. The first step in stakeholder analysis is identifying major stakeholder groups. The groups of stakeholder who will be affected either direct or indirect by or have an effect on the firms strategy and its execution can run the scope from employees to customers. In Shangri-La Hotel, director, business partner and investor is playing an important characteristic because their decisions can affect the whole organization performance. They are very influence stakeholder for Shangri-La Hotel. For example, if one of the employees is not performing well it is not affect the Shangri-La Hotel much but if an investor is stop invest in Shangri-La Hotel or director is making a small mistake of making a decision. This might direct influence the Shangri-La Hotel if the problem is serious. 2.2 The importance of stakeholder Why are the stakeholders such important to Shangri-La Hotel? As we all know that, customer, supplier, worker is part of the stakeholders of Shangri-La Hotel. Below are shown explanation about the importance of stakeholder. 2.2.1 Customer Customers are important to Shangri-La Hotel this is because if the customers of Shangri-La Hotel is feel satisfy with the service that provided by the Hotel it means that, the customer will automatically become the promotion of the hotel. Robert Kuok knows that customers satisfaction is one of the main reasons that he could get for more customers. Customer was part of tool to help the Shangri-La Hotel promote; in the other word, when the customer feel satisfy with the Hotel they will mention to their friends and family. This kind of mouth-to-mouth promote is much better than an advertisement thus, it doesnt use any cost. There will generate more new customers within this kind of promotion and at the same time royal customers will exist too. 2.2.2 Supplier Supplier was one of the stakeholders which can influence the Shangri-La Hotel. Why is supplier important to Shangri-La Hotel? Is can be explain as Shangri-La Hotel is provided services which means the quality of raw material which supply by the supplier is important and must high quality so that Shangri-La Hotel is provided a good quality services to customers. However, the supplier should deliver the raw material in time so that the Shangri-La Hotel had enough time to produce. Shangri-La Hotel is included provide food in restaurant and service of hotel. Hotel is a place that needs to renew all the stuff inside the room everyday example, towel, mattress, shampoo, and so on. This all material is needed every day by the hotel in other to provide a good service to the customer. Moreover, the restaurant also needs a good supplier to supply fresh food to the hotel. Without a fresh food, the restaurant cant provide a good quality food to the customer. As a result, supplier is important to Shangri-La Hotel and without a good supplier it can direct effect or influence the performance of Shangri-La Hotel. 2.2.3 Workers The last part is Workers. As all know that, workers in an organization are playing an important characteristic which is help the organization to move forward and achieve the goal. So as Shangri-La Hotel, workers are important because if an organization is without any workers, the organization is considered as not functioning. The ability of the workers also can influence the performance of the Shangri-La hotel because the good workers will help the organization to achieve the objective or goals. However, there are not all workers is perform well in their work. This kind of workers should give some advised and hope they will change through the counselling. A good worker is influence the performance of Shangri-La Hotel. 2.3 Mapping of Stakeholder Stakeholder Oppose Neutral Support Supplier XX Customer X X Worker X X Task 3 (Loc 1: Ac 3) Identify and briefly the terms organizational audit and environmental audit. Select two internal and two external factors to SKL. Explain how you would conduct an audit for these. 3.0 Definition of audit The audit is means by which a company can understand how it relates to the environment in which it operates. It is the means by which a company can identify its own strengths and weaknesses as they relate to external opportunities and threats. It is thus a way of helping management to select a position in that environment based on known factors. (McDonald, 1989, p21) 3.1 Organizational Audit Organizational Audit was also known as internal audit. Internal audit get information from management, marketing, financial/accounting, production/operations, research development, and management information systems. I am going to explain about two internal audit factors to Shangri-La Hotel. First, I would like to explain about management. In Shangri-La Hotel, management is one of the tools to manage the whole organization move forward. Besides that, management function consists of planning, organizing, motivation, controlling and also leading. This all element is very important to for a manager to manage the organization. Example, Shangri-La Hotel chairman, Edward Kuok Khoon Loong should know well about the element of management so that the workers will be more effective and efficient. Furthermore, the second internal factors need to be explain is marketing which also playing an important role for the Shangri-La Hotel. Without a good marketing department, Shangri-La Hotel cant organize with properly and this will influence the performance. A marketing department of Shangri-La Hotel is needed to plan for more promotion or advertisement about the hotel so that there are more people know about the hotel. Besides that, the hotel needed to implement about the marketing strategies so they can maintain in a high level of performance. 3.2 Environmental Audit Environmental audit was also known as external audit. In external audit I am choosing two external factors to Shangri-La Hotel. The first external audit is supplier. Supplier is able to audit an organization because an organization is needs the supplier to supply the ingredient, material or product needed by particular organization. Example, Shangri-La Hotels supplier was make a mistake on supply wrong material or wrong amount this will direct effected the performance of the day. However, Shangri-La Hotel has to be careful in choosing a good supplier. First of all, they have to identify the supplier after that evaluate about the supplier next is deciding to choose which supplier. As a result, good supplier is making a profit to an organization. The second external audit is government where playing an important role too; this is because government is able to control the Shangri-La Hotel before they want to make any event or planning. Example, Shangri-La Hotel had to apply and get the license on the business first before they start any planning or construction. Moreover, government will have to check the Shangri-La Hotels operation make sure that there is no illegal thing happen. The government is the way prevents the illegal thing happen. Besides that, when the government had to make any meeting or any event with other country they could choose Shangri-La Hotel as the place to operate the entire event. As the result, government is a good external audit to Shangri-La Hotel. Task 4 (Loc 1: Ac 4) Select and explain two strategic positioning techniques that you would propose to SKL. 4. 0 Definition of positioning Positioning is refer to the development of a distinct image for the product or service in the mind of the consumer, an image that will differentiate the offering from competing ones and squarely communicate to the target audience that the particular product or service will fulfill their needs better than competing brands. (Leon G S. and Leslie L.K 2007, pg 7) 4.1 Strategies Positioning There are few strategic of positioning which consists of product, service, location and image and I would like to explain two type strategic of positioning which is service and location. 4.1.1 Service Shangri-La Hotel desires to develop a distinct image for the service in the mind of customers. The first step is Shangri-La Hotel should determine about the service quality of the hotel, thus hotel image is good and the customer will come back again. Other than that, Shangri-La Hotel also need to provide a good service in all concept which included helping the customers take luggage to the room, when customer is calling for customer service Shangri-La Hotel should fulfill all the demand required from the customers. In the other word the positioning can be improve by more value for more price. 4.1.2 Location Location of Shangri-La Hotel is a good strategic place for business. From the map we can see that there is much other company such as shopping mall, kl tower, and big company and so on. With this strategy place, Shangri-La Hotel will easy to get more customers because if the tourist come to Malaysia they will choose Shangri-La Hotel since this hotel is near to go everywhere. Moreover, the workers of the other company will come to Shangri-La hotel to having a breakfast, lunch, tea time, or dinner because Shangri-La Hotel is provide restaurant. Other than that, if the client of the other company which is near to Shangri-La Hotel where they come from other country, they will choose to stay at Shangri-La Hotel. It is because the location is near the company and its providing a high quality service. Task 5 (Loc 2: Ac 1) Design and explain the steps in strategies planning process. Please use diagrams if necessary. 5.0 Steps strategies planning process VISION AND MISSION I FORMULATION FORMULATION LONG TERM OBJECTIVE GENERATE, EVALUATE, SELECT STRATEGIES IMPLEMENT STRATEGIES MANAGEMENT ISSUES II IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENT STRATEGIES MARKETING, FINENCE, ACCOUNT, R D, CIS III EVALUATION MEASURE EVALUATE PERFORMANCE. 5.1 Explanation of strategies planning process Step 1- Vision and Mission The mission statement describes the companys business vision which including the unchanging values and purpose of the firm and forward-looking visionary goals that guide the pursuit of future opportunities. The company guided by the business vision, the firms leaders can define measurable financial and strategic objectives. Financial objectives involve measures such as sales targets and earnings growth. Strategic objectives are related to the firms business position, and may include measures such as market share and reputation.Step 2- Formulation Long Term Objective Performance goals of an organization, intended to be achieved over a period of five years or more. Long-term objectives usually include specific improvements in the organizations competitive position, technology leadership, profitability, return on investment, employee relations and productivity, and corporate image. Step 3- Generate, Evaluate, select Strategies. In this step may apply to develop some important key which potential strategies to deal with the organizations objectives. Other than that, in this step also need to evaluate some potential strategies. The last part is to select the some potential strategies and every one of them is important. Step 4 Implement strategies management issues There are numerous company was failed to realize its complete potential of its strategies was due to some weak implementation. In this step the company have to implement the potential strategies to develop. Step 5- Implement Strategies Marketing, Finance, Account, RD, CIS Very often, management team assigned selected strategies to key personnel and left it to the individual to carry out the task. Step 6- Measure Evaluate Performance The last step is the motive of accomplishment factors for an efficient strategy operation is constant review of its development and needs to makes decision for any difference to plan.

John F. Kennedy Vs. Lynden B. Essay -- essays research papers

The question I am about to answer can not be answered in brief. To fully comprehend the similarities and differences between John F. Kennedy’s â€Å"New Frontier† and Lyndon B. Johnson’s â€Å"Great Society† you must understand their intentions first. John F. Kennedy was not an ordinary President. He was one with a certain â€Å"charisma†, as some put it. He was very blunt and knew how to get what he wanted. During his rain as President, he created the reform program know as the â€Å"New Frontier†. The New Frontier was developed to assure Americans of the upcoming sixties’ challenges. This was a program that affected all. Under the influence of the New Frontier Kennedy promised to defend freedom around the world. He stated: â€Å"Let every nation know, whether it wish us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend or oppose any foe in order to assure the survival and success of lib erty. This we pledge and more.† Soon Kennedy’s speech would be put to the test. The debate over communism or democracy was still going on. The Cold War had not yet ended. During his presidency Kennedy was determined to lower unemployment by creating more jobs. He expanded the space program and stimulated military spending. He also cut taxes to give Americans a little more money to spend. This tax cut lead to a period of prosperity. He proposed a medical care program for the elderly. It was rejected by congress. Kennedy appointed black officials to higher governmen... John F. Kennedy Vs. Lynden B. Essay -- essays research papers The question I am about to answer can not be answered in brief. To fully comprehend the similarities and differences between John F. Kennedy’s â€Å"New Frontier† and Lyndon B. Johnson’s â€Å"Great Society† you must understand their intentions first. John F. Kennedy was not an ordinary President. He was one with a certain â€Å"charisma†, as some put it. He was very blunt and knew how to get what he wanted. During his rain as President, he created the reform program know as the â€Å"New Frontier†. The New Frontier was developed to assure Americans of the upcoming sixties’ challenges. This was a program that affected all. Under the influence of the New Frontier Kennedy promised to defend freedom around the world. He stated: â€Å"Let every nation know, whether it wish us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend or oppose any foe in order to assure the survival and success of lib erty. This we pledge and more.† Soon Kennedy’s speech would be put to the test. The debate over communism or democracy was still going on. The Cold War had not yet ended. During his presidency Kennedy was determined to lower unemployment by creating more jobs. He expanded the space program and stimulated military spending. He also cut taxes to give Americans a little more money to spend. This tax cut lead to a period of prosperity. He proposed a medical care program for the elderly. It was rejected by congress. Kennedy appointed black officials to higher governmen...

The Divine Comedy and the Human Experience :: Divine Comedy Inferno Essays

The Divine Comedy: The Depth of Human Experience Religious, structured, and orderly. Although this book is religious through and through, it is also very earthly. You seem to never leave the earth. In fact, there seems to be no difference between earth and the heavenly sphere. It is a solid world, no distinction between mind and matter, everything is touchable. The physical expresses the spiritual, the spirit of God is physical and pervades the physical universe--it's all one place. There is no heaven and hell, it is just all here. For this reason, this book answers all of those questions you had as a kid in Sunday school and nobody could give you a satisfying answer, for instance, where do people go when they die, what does hell look like, what does heaven look like, what is purgatory, and how does one get from purgatory to heaven. Sunday school teachers should just read Dante to the kids--it is the end-all encyclopedia of heaven, hell, and purgatory. The symbolism of the beginning is nice, that he is in a forest being chased by various animals. I can imagine that each of the animals represents some kind of vice and that the part in the woods symbolizes the sinful, confused life full of temptations. It was interesting that Virgil was his guide. I was expecting a more religious character, for instance, Moses--but it later turned out that he was sitting in hell himself! That was an eye-opener. It makes you realize the difference between the old and the new testaments. Even Noah was in hell.(!) But at least they weren't very deep in hell. "All hope abandon ye who enter here." I liked how Hell is an interactive place for Dante. He isn't afraid to "touch the merchandise." Then seizing on his hinder scalp, I cried: "Name thee, or not a hair shall tarry here." He is human, he takes part and overreacts. And he keeps fainting. It's not a Universal Studios ride through hell, but you can actually grab ahold of the props, talk to old friends and acquaintences, and the guide will patiently wait for you when you faint. Another aspect of hell that surprised me was that the devil was standing on a frozen lake. This isn't the picture of Larson's Far Side hell scenes, nor is the devil the cool, rebellious bad boy of Milton's Paradise Lost.

Funding for Emergency Operations

Funding for Emergency Operations Jenalyn L. Brock EMC/330 March 19, 2013 Robert E. Wynne Funding for Emergency Operations Government funding for emergency medical services (EMS) operations and training comes from many different resources. Government also oversees contract options for funding Medicaid, Medicare, insurance, and private providers. The Taylor Ambulance Company in the University of Phoenix scenario has its own contract with the City of Kelsey. This contract should meet some meet some general contract principles. Emergency managers need to understand the effect that legislation has on funding and operations.Government Options for Funding EMS operations and training receive funding from the public and fee-for-service reimbursement (Brennan, 2006, p. 93). How an EMS organization is configured determines how the EMS services are funded. Traditionally, private EMS providers rely on fee-for-service funding, while public service providers rely on public funding. According to Bre nnan (2006), both providers are billing for services and private EMS companies are more and more dependent on public funding. In 1966, the National Highway Safety Act created a grant program that provided funding for equipment and personnel.In order to receive money for grants, EMS organizations have to write grant proposals to the government. In the grant proposals, managers have to explain exactly how the funds will be used, who will benefit from the funds, and prove that they will not abuse the funds (FEMA, 2012). Local organizations also see revenue from funding alternatives such as taxes, user fees, fines, forfeitures, citations, enterprise funds, utility rates, sales of organizational assets, benefit assessments, and borrowing revenue (FEMA, 2012). These funding alternatives are acquired through government processes.In 1973, Congress passed the Emergency Medical Systems Act that provided further guidance and funding for EMS systems (Brennan, 2006, p. 94). Private EMS organizat ions like American Medical Response and Rural/Metro Corporation are mostly supported by user fees, unless they are patients covered by Medicare or Medicaid. Each of these government funding choices has its own implications and comes with restraints, as in restricting the way the money is used. Contract Options for Funding EMS organizations also have their contract options for funding.According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (2013), they developed a fee schedule for ambulance services, in order to contain costs. This schedule is written into a contract. Many patients that are transported by ambulance are Medicare beneficiaries. The government will only reimburse the companies for services rendered during transport, unless contraindicated by the patient’s medical condition. There are codes associated with treatment that either replace or supplement ICD-9 codes. The fee schedule also corresponds with BLS and ALS levels of care, rating treatment from routine to complex (Brennan, 2012).Private insurance companies like Blue Cross Blue Shield include ambulance services for their patients when other transportation would otherwise harm the patient. Cities and hospitals create contract agreements with private ambulance companies for services. Taylor Ambulance Company Service Contracts Generally in contract writing, there are six basic contract elements (The Law Handbook, 2010). The first is that both parties must have the capacity to enter a contract. There must be an offer and then acceptance. There needs to be intention to create legal relations. Considerations are made regarding as far as the value of what is being exchanged.There is also consideration for what will happen if the other party fails to follow through with their portion of the contract. The considerations must not be illegal in nature, or the contract is not valid. The Taylor Ambulance Company has a General Services Agreement with the City of Kelsey. The two parties are capable of entering the contract. The contract clearly states that both parties agree that Taylor Ambulance Services will provide emergency transport for the city, through 911-dispatch. The contract also clearly states that Taylor Ambulance Company will provide appropriately trained personnel and its own equipment.The contract also delineates how many ambulances will be running, staffed, and stocked during the contract. It also identifies Taylor Ambulance Company as the primary provider of emergency transport services for the City of Kelsey. The ambulances must be in good working order and staff must be trained according to all applicable laws. The contract states exactly how much Taylor Ambulance Company will be paid for each patient that it transports. The total of $829. 40 will be the price. For the rest of the costs associated with the transport, like medical supplies, blankets, and other equipment, must be provided by Taylor Ambulance Company.At the end of each month, Taylor Ambulance Company must total the ambulance transports. The City of Kelsey will send them an accounting report and Taylor Ambulance Company must approve the statement. If both parties still disagree, they will seek further counsel. These elements of the contract cover the consideration elements of a contract. The contract has an exact start and stop time, and is signed by the Mayor of the City of Kelsey and the Owner of Taylor Ambulance Company. Effect of Legislation on Funding and Operations Federal and local legislation can have significant effects on funding and operations.Depending on the type of organization, it could be dependent on Federal funding. Mercer (2013) reported that the South Dakota state Senate rejected an attempt to change financial agreements between insurance companies and ambulance services. A Senator wanted to allow ambulance services to be paid directly by insurance providers, as opposed to sending checks to patients. There are times when the ambulance companies were n ot receiving payments. The interruption in the payment cycle can have a direct effect on the company’s funding and operations. On a Federal level, financial stability can have a great overall impact on ambulance companies.Fortunately, in January 2013, President Obama signed the National Defense Authorization Act. It reauthorized the Fire and SAFER grant programs and called to reform the Public Safety Officers Benefits Program. The act also extends Medicare bonus payments for ambulance services. Ambulance companies will receive an extra two percent for urban transports, three percent for rural transports, and 22. 6% for super-rural transports (Fire Chief, 2013). Conclusion Government funding for EMS operations and training comes from several different resources. Ambulance companies rely on both public and private funding.Government also oversees contract options for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service providers like Medicaid and Medicare. Insurance companies and private providers also adhere to contracts. The Taylor Ambulance Company in the University of Phoenix scenario has its own contract with the City of Kelsey. This contract meets the general contract principles and clearly outlines the terms of the deal between Taylor Ambulance Company and the City of Kelsey. Emergency managers who understand legislation and how it effects funding will be able to anticipate changes and effectively manage their organizations. References Brennan, J.A. (2006). Principles of EMS systems. (3rd ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2013). Financial alignment initiatives. Retrieved from http://www. cms. gov/Medicare-Medicaid-Coordination/Medicare-and-Medicaid- Coordination/Medicare-Medicaid-CoordinationOffice/ FinancialModelstoSupportStatesEffortsinCareCoordination. html FEMA. (2012). Funding alternatives for emergency medical and fire services. Retrieved from http://www. usfa. fema. gov/downloads/pdf/publications/fa_331 . pdf Fire Chief. (2013). Obama signs bills to re-fund USFA, FIRE grants, extend Medicare ambulance payments.Retrieved from http://firechief. com/legislation-amp regulations/obama-signs-bills-re-fund-usfa-fire-grants-extend-medicare-ambulance-pa Mercer. (2013). Rapid City Journal. Senate blocks changes to ambulance service payments. Retrieved from http://rapidcityjournal. com/news/senate-blocks-changes-to-ambulance-service-payments/article_880d2ee4-ef1f-54dd-a98a-0c6e81ef95e7. html National Highway Transportation and Safety Administration. (1996). Emergency medical services agenda for the future. Retrieved from http://www. nremt. org/nremt/ downloads/EMS%20Agenda%20for%20the%20Future. pdf Funding for Emergency Operations Funding for Emergency Operations Jenalyn L. Brock EMC/330 March 19, 2013 Robert E. Wynne Funding for Emergency Operations Government funding for emergency medical services (EMS) operations and training comes from many different resources. Government also oversees contract options for funding Medicaid, Medicare, insurance, and private providers. The Taylor Ambulance Company in the University of Phoenix scenario has its own contract with the City of Kelsey. This contract should meet some meet some general contract principles. Emergency managers need to understand the effect that legislation has on funding and operations.Government Options for Funding EMS operations and training receive funding from the public and fee-for-service reimbursement (Brennan, 2006, p. 93). How an EMS organization is configured determines how the EMS services are funded. Traditionally, private EMS providers rely on fee-for-service funding, while public service providers rely on public funding. According to Bre nnan (2006), both providers are billing for services and private EMS companies are more and more dependent on public funding. In 1966, the National Highway Safety Act created a grant program that provided funding for equipment and personnel.In order to receive money for grants, EMS organizations have to write grant proposals to the government. In the grant proposals, managers have to explain exactly how the funds will be used, who will benefit from the funds, and prove that they will not abuse the funds (FEMA, 2012). Local organizations also see revenue from funding alternatives such as taxes, user fees, fines, forfeitures, citations, enterprise funds, utility rates, sales of organizational assets, benefit assessments, and borrowing revenue (FEMA, 2012). These funding alternatives are acquired through government processes.In 1973, Congress passed the Emergency Medical Systems Act that provided further guidance and funding for EMS systems (Brennan, 2006, p. 94). Private EMS organizat ions like American Medical Response and Rural/Metro Corporation are mostly supported by user fees, unless they are patients covered by Medicare or Medicaid. Each of these government funding choices has its own implications and comes with restraints, as in restricting the way the money is used. Contract Options for Funding EMS organizations also have their contract options for funding.According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (2013), they developed a fee schedule for ambulance services, in order to contain costs. This schedule is written into a contract. Many patients that are transported by ambulance are Medicare beneficiaries. The government will only reimburse the companies for services rendered during transport, unless contraindicated by the patient’s medical condition. There are codes associated with treatment that either replace or supplement ICD-9 codes. The fee schedule also corresponds with BLS and ALS levels of care, rating treatment from routine to complex (Brennan, 2012).Private insurance companies like Blue Cross Blue Shield include ambulance services for their patients when other transportation would otherwise harm the patient. Cities and hospitals create contract agreements with private ambulance companies for services. Taylor Ambulance Company Service Contracts Generally in contract writing, there are six basic contract elements (The Law Handbook, 2010). The first is that both parties must have the capacity to enter a contract. There must be an offer and then acceptance. There needs to be intention to create legal relations. Considerations are made regarding as far as the value of what is being exchanged.There is also consideration for what will happen if the other party fails to follow through with their portion of the contract. The considerations must not be illegal in nature, or the contract is not valid. The Taylor Ambulance Company has a General Services Agreement with the City of Kelsey. The two parties are capable of entering the contract. The contract clearly states that both parties agree that Taylor Ambulance Services will provide emergency transport for the city, through 911-dispatch. The contract also clearly states that Taylor Ambulance Company will provide appropriately trained personnel and its own equipment.The contract also delineates how many ambulances will be running, staffed, and stocked during the contract. It also identifies Taylor Ambulance Company as the primary provider of emergency transport services for the City of Kelsey. The ambulances must be in good working order and staff must be trained according to all applicable laws. The contract states exactly how much Taylor Ambulance Company will be paid for each patient that it transports. The total of $829. 40 will be the price. For the rest of the costs associated with the transport, like medical supplies, blankets, and other equipment, must be provided by Taylor Ambulance Company.At the end of each month, Taylor Ambulance Company must total the ambulance transports. The City of Kelsey will send them an accounting report and Taylor Ambulance Company must approve the statement. If both parties still disagree, they will seek further counsel. These elements of the contract cover the consideration elements of a contract. The contract has an exact start and stop time, and is signed by the Mayor of the City of Kelsey and the Owner of Taylor Ambulance Company. Effect of Legislation on Funding and Operations Federal and local legislation can have significant effects on funding and operations.Depending on the type of organization, it could be dependent on Federal funding. Mercer (2013) reported that the South Dakota state Senate rejected an attempt to change financial agreements between insurance companies and ambulance services. A Senator wanted to allow ambulance services to be paid directly by insurance providers, as opposed to sending checks to patients. There are times when the ambulance companies were n ot receiving payments. The interruption in the payment cycle can have a direct effect on the company’s funding and operations. On a Federal level, financial stability can have a great overall impact on ambulance companies.Fortunately, in January 2013, President Obama signed the National Defense Authorization Act. It reauthorized the Fire and SAFER grant programs and called to reform the Public Safety Officers Benefits Program. The act also extends Medicare bonus payments for ambulance services. Ambulance companies will receive an extra two percent for urban transports, three percent for rural transports, and 22. 6% for super-rural transports (Fire Chief, 2013). Conclusion Government funding for EMS operations and training comes from several different resources. Ambulance companies rely on both public and private funding.Government also oversees contract options for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service providers like Medicaid and Medicare. Insurance companies and private providers also adhere to contracts. The Taylor Ambulance Company in the University of Phoenix scenario has its own contract with the City of Kelsey. This contract meets the general contract principles and clearly outlines the terms of the deal between Taylor Ambulance Company and the City of Kelsey. Emergency managers who understand legislation and how it effects funding will be able to anticipate changes and effectively manage their organizations. References Brennan, J.A. (2006). Principles of EMS systems. (3rd ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2013). Financial alignment initiatives. Retrieved from http://www. cms. gov/Medicare-Medicaid-Coordination/Medicare-and-Medicaid- Coordination/Medicare-Medicaid-CoordinationOffice/ FinancialModelstoSupportStatesEffortsinCareCoordination. html FEMA. (2012). Funding alternatives for emergency medical and fire services. Retrieved from http://www. usfa. fema. gov/downloads/pdf/publications/fa_331 . pdf Fire Chief. (2013). Obama signs bills to re-fund USFA, FIRE grants, extend Medicare ambulance payments.Retrieved from http://firechief. com/legislation-amp regulations/obama-signs-bills-re-fund-usfa-fire-grants-extend-medicare-ambulance-pa Mercer. (2013). Rapid City Journal. Senate blocks changes to ambulance service payments. Retrieved from http://rapidcityjournal. com/news/senate-blocks-changes-to-ambulance-service-payments/article_880d2ee4-ef1f-54dd-a98a-0c6e81ef95e7. html National Highway Transportation and Safety Administration. (1996). Emergency medical services agenda for the future. Retrieved from http://www. nremt. org/nremt/ downloads/EMS%20Agenda%20for%20the%20Future. pdf